Critically Endangered

A large vulture, about 93–110 cm in length with a wingspan of 2.3–2.6 m. It has pale brown upperparts, paler underparts, a bald head and neck with yellowish skin, and a hooked beak adapted for tearing flesh. Both sexes appear similar.

Resident species, largely restricted to India, Pakistan, and Nepal. Does not undertake long-distance migration.

Non-migratory, though it may make local movements in search of carcasses.

Breeds mainly from October to April. Nests are built on tall trees in colonies, made of sticks and lined with leaves. Clutch size is typically 1 egg, with both parents involved in incubation and chick-rearing.

Prefers dry deciduous forests, open woodland, and semi-arid regions with tall trees suitable for nesting. Often breeds in communal colonies.

Found in open country, forest edges, scrublands, and human-influenced landscapes. Scavenger, often seen soaring high in the sky searching for carcasses.

Obligate scavenger, feeding almost entirely on dead animals (carrion). Plays a crucial ecological role in removing carcasses and preventing the spread of disease.