Near Threatened

A large raptor measuring 61–75 cm in length with a wingspan of about 155–170 cm. It has a distinctive grey head and breast, dark brown upperparts, and a white belly and tail with a broad black terminal band.

Primarily resident, though some populations show local movements depending on water levels and food availability. Distributed from India and Sri Lanka eastward through Southeast Asia to the Philippines and Indonesia.

Generally non-migratory; some individuals disperse locally during the dry season or when water bodies recede.

Breeds mainly from December to May in South Asia, varying regionally. The species builds a large stick nest high in tall trees, often near rivers or reservoirs.

Found breeding near large lakes, slow-moving rivers, reservoirs, and mangrove wetlands, where tall nesting trees are available.

Occupies lowland forests near freshwater bodies, riverine habitats, lakeshores, and coastal wetlands. Prefers undisturbed areas with tall emergent trees for nesting and perching.

Primarily piscivorous, feeding mostly on fish, but also takes amphibians, reptiles, and occasionally waterbirds or carrion. It hunts by soaring and swooping down to snatch prey from water surfaces.