Least Concern

A large tern, about 48–53 cm in length with a wingspan of 125–140 cm and weighing around 500–600 g. It has grey upperparts, white underparts, a black shaggy crest, and a strong yellow bill. The legs and feet are black.

Partially migratory species, widely distributed across tropical and subtropical coasts of the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and parts of the Red Sea. Many populations are resident, while some move seasonally.

Northern breeding populations migrate southward to warmer coastal waters in India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Australia during the non-breeding season.

April to July in most tropical regions. Breeds colonially on sandy or rocky islands, often alongside other seabirds. Lays one egg in a shallow scrape on the ground. Both parents share incubation and chick feeding.

Prefers offshore islands, coral reefs, and sandy spits, especially where human disturbance is minimal. Chooses open, flat surfaces for nesting.

Found in coastal areas, estuaries, lagoons, and nearshore marine waters. Frequently seen flying over the sea or resting in large flocks on sandbars and beaches.

Feeds mainly on small fish, especially anchovies and sardines, caught by plunge-diving into the sea. Also eats crustaceans and cephalopods occasionally. Forages both alone and in flocks, often following fishing boats.