| IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature): | Least Concern
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| Approximate size(adult): | Length about 11–12 cm; weight ~12–15 g. A small, stout finch with chestnut-brown body, black head, and short conical bill. Tail is short and squared.
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| Resident/ Migrate from: | Resident across South and Southeast Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Indonesia. Mostly sedentary, with some local dispersal.
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| Migrate to: | Non-migratory; local movements may occur in response to rainfall and food availability.
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| Breeding season: | June to September in India, coinciding with the monsoon. Males display by singing and performing short flight displays to attract females.
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| Breed in: | Nests in grass clumps, shrubs, or rice fields, building a domed nest of grass and leaves. Clutch size is typically 4–6 eggs, incubated mainly by the female, with both parents feeding the chicks.
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| Habitat: | Prefers marshes, grasslands, paddy fields, and cultivated areas, often near water. Common in flocks and adaptable to agricultural landscapes.
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| Diet: | Feeds mainly on grass seeds, grains, and small insects. Forages on the ground in small flocks, often moving through paddy fields or grasslands.
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