Least Concern

Length about 13–15 cm; weight ~20–25 g. Small finch with a short, conical bill; males are bright red on head, breast, and rump, while females and juveniles are brownish with streaks.

Breeds in temperate Asia and Eastern Europe; migratory species.

Winters in South and Southeast Asia, including India, Myanmar, and parts of China.

May to July in the breeding range, depending on local climate. Males sing to establish territory and attract females.

Nests are cup-shaped, made of grass, moss, and twigs, usually placed in shrubs or low trees. Clutch size is typically 4–6 eggs, incubated by the female. Both parents feed the chicks.

Breeds in open woodlands, scrublands, forest edges, and riverine thickets. Winters in farmlands, gardens, and open scrub areas. Prefers areas with shrubs for cover.

Mainly seeds, supplemented with insects and other small invertebrates, particularly during the breeding season for chick nourishment. Forages on the ground or in low vegetation.